Drug induced amnesia treatment12/2/2023 Zolpidem shows greater selectivity for α-containing receptors compared to zopiclone, triazolam, or midazolam. Zolpidem appears to potentiate GABA-ergic transmission, thus resulting in the inhibition of neural excitation. 4 Zolpidem interacts with the distinct binding sites of the γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) receptor complex in a fashion similar to the benzodiazepines. Unlike benzodiazepines, the pharmacologic activity of zolpidem results from selective binding to central benzodiazepine receptors of the ω1 subtype, 3 but zolpidem possesses low affinities for the ω2 and ω3 receptor subtypes. Restless legs syndrome, obstructive sleep apneaĪ dose of zolpidem 10 mg in the nonelderly and a reduced dose of 5 mg in elderly individuals are clinically effective. In light of the accumulating reports of adverse psychiatric reactions to zolpidem, we review the literature pertaining to this subject and present 2 case reports from our own clinical practice. There have been several reports describing neuropsychiatric reactions such as visual hallucinations/sensory distortion, delirium, amnesia, sleepwalking/somnambulism, and nocturnal eating associated with zolpidem use. ![]() ![]() On the other hand, while rare, the number of reported adverse reactions has begun to increase. The use of zolpidem has therefore become increasingly accepted as very safe, and the number of patients prescribed this medication has increased. 1, 2 Zolpidem also does not induce consistent objective rebound insomnia. ![]() Zolpidem, in contrast to the benzodiazepines, has been found to preserve stage 3 and 4 sleep (non–rapid eye movement sleep), and zolpidem and zopiclone produce similar increases in slow-wave sleep. It is a strong sedative with only minor anxiolytic, myorelaxant, and anticonvulsant properties and has been shown to be effective for the induction and maintenance of sleep in adults. Chemically unrelated to benzodiazepines, zolpidem is thought to have fewer adverse effects, especially with respect to residual sedation, amnesia, and the potential for rebound insomnia and dependence. Zolpidem is a novel, rapid-onset, short-acting, imidazopyridine hypnotic drug.
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